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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Annular Fin Geometry on Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristic of Round Heat Sinks: An Experimental Study
1
Mechanical Power Techniques Engineering Department, Renewable Energy Research Centre, Northern Technical University, Iraq
2
Mechanical Power Technical Eng., Northern Technical University
Technical Engineering College/ Kirkuk, Iraq
Submission date: 2025-10-03
Final revision date: 2026-01-13
Acceptance date: 2026-04-08
Online publication date: 2026-08-17
Corresponding author
Ehsan Fadhil Abbas
Mechanical Power Technical Eng., Northern Technical University Technical Engineering College/ Kirkuk, Iraq
Mechanical Power Technical Eng., Northern Technical University Technical Engineering College/ Kirkuk, Iraq
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study experimentally investigates the influence of annular fin geometry on thermo-hydraulic performance under crossflow forced-convection conditions. Four heat sink configurations—a constant cross-section fin, a stepped fin, a modified stepped fin, and a triangular fin—were tested using an open-channel rig over 36 operating conditions formed by three air velocities (2–6 m/s) and three electrical input powers (13–39 W). The results show that the Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number for all geometries, with average enhancements of approximately 10–15%, 20–25%, and 30–35% for the stepped, modified stepped, and triangular fins, respectively, compared to the baseline. Pressure drop also increased with Reynolds number, with the modified stepped fin exhibiting the highest penalty, while the triangular fin maintained a more moderate increase. At fixed Reynolds numbers, the effect of input power was secondary, confirming the dominance of flow inertia and geometry. Geometry-specific Nusselt number correlations with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.95 were developed, and the analytical model for the baseline fin was validated against experimental data with deviations below 2%.
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