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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Three-Branch Viscoelastic Model for Elastic Wave Propagation in Porous Media with Gas Bubbles
1
Software Department, University of Kirkuk, Iraq
2
Mathematics Department, University of Kirkuk, Iraq
Submission date: 2025-09-14
Final revision date: 2026-01-31
Acceptance date: 2026-03-30
Online publication date: 2026-07-27
Publication date: 2026-09-03
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2026;31(3):1-20
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This research investigates the propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated granular media. On the linear P1-waves, complex rheology is considered, which is impacted by gas bubbles. In Biot’s theory, we used stress-strain relations for the wave, which comprise three branches, including fluid continuum, solid continuum and bubbles inside the fluid. These stress-strain relations are combined with momentum, continuity and bubble dynamics equations to drive the Nikolaevskiy-type equation. In the moving reference system, the equation explains the solid matrix’s velocity. Our investigation into the influence of gas bubbles on wave propagation in a fluid-saturated granular media revealed that the presence of such bubbles significantly reduces wave velocity.
FUNDING
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
DATA AVAILABILITY
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
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