ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparison of The Mechanical Properties of Low-Cost Bio Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
More details
Hide details
1
Aeronautical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Submission date: 2024-06-26
Final revision date: 2024-08-10
Acceptance date: 2024-12-16
Online publication date: 2025-03-06
Publication date: 2025-03-06
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2025;30(1):65-78
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In this study, the physical, and mechanical properties of low-cost and biocomposites were evaluated. The walnut shell and date palm frond fibers were thermally treated in an oven at a temperature of 70°C and then chemically treated with NaOH and distilled water solution, after these treatments, the biocomposite materials will be thermally treated again at 50°C. This procedure was performed for three types of biocomposite; Walnut shell Fiber Reinforced Polymer (WFRP), Date palm Fiber Reinforced Polymer (DFRP), and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (HFRP), whereas the biocomposite sheets consisting of 30% biofibers and 70% unsaturated polyester, the mechanical test specimens were cut by a CNC machine according to ASTM standards. The effect of fiber type was analyzed in terms of the mechanical properties (tensile, compression, and density). The tensile test results showed that the DFRP composite had the best results comparable with WFRP and HFRP, the ultimate tensile strength, was increased by 28.6%, and 12.5% respectively, furthermore, the compression strength of the WFRP composite was increased by 21.5%, and 10.3% compared with DFRP and HFRP composites respectively. The WFRP composite revealed the lowest value of density 4.60 g/cm3 rather than DFRP and HFRP composites.
REFERENCES (31)
1.
Ahmad R., Hamid R. and Osman S.A. (2019): Physical and chemical modifications of plant fibres for reinforcement in cementitious composites.– Advances in Civil Engineering, pp.1-18,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5....
2.
Mukherjee T. and Kao N. (2011): PLA based biopolymer reinforced with natural fibre: a review.– Journal of Polymers and the Environment, vol.19, pp.714-725,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924....
3.
El-Shekeil Y.A., AL-Oqla Faris M., Refaey H.A., Bendoukha S. and Barhoumi N. (2024): Investigating the mechanical performance and characteristics of nitrile butadiene rubber date palm fiber reinforced composites for sustainable bio-based materials.– Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol.29, pp.101-108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt....
4.
Wambua P., Ivens J. and Verpoest I. (2003): Natural fibers: can they replace glass in fiber reinforced plastics?– Composites Science and Technology, vol.63, No.9, pp.1259-1264,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-....
5.
Sreenivasan V.S., Ravindran D., Manikandan V. and Narayanasamy R. (2012): Influence of fibre treatments on mechanical properties of short sansevieria cylindrical/polyester composites.– Materials and Design, vol.37, pp.111-121,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matd....
6.
Roy S.B., Shit S.C., Sengupta R.A., Shukla P.R. (2014): A review on bio-composites: fabrication, properties and applications.– International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol.3, No.10, pp.16814-16824,
http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/IJI....
7.
Abdellah Mohammed Y., Sadek Mustafa G., Alharithi H., Abdel-Jaber G.T. and Backar Ahmed H. (2023): Characteristic properties of date-palm/sheep wool reinforced polyester composites.– Journal of Biosources and Bioproducts, vol.8, No.4, pp.430-443,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joba....
8.
Jannat N., Al-Mufti Rafal L., Hussien A., Abdullah B. and Cotgrave A. (2021): Utilisation of nut shell wastes in brick, mortar, and concrete: a review.– Construction and Building Materials, vol.293, pp.1-17,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb....
9.
Khierallah Hussam S.M., Bader Saleh M., Ibrahim Kadhim M. and Al-Jboory Ibrahim J. (2015): Date palm status and perspective in Iraq.– Springers, pp.97-152,
https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-94-017-9707-8-4.
10.
Hamid Mohd Rashid Yusof, Ghani Mohd Hafizuddin Ab and Ahmad Sahrim (2012): Effect of antioxidants and fire retardants as minerals fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of high loading hybrid biocomposites reinforced with rice husk and sawdust.– Industrial Crops and Products, vol.40, pp.96-102,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indc....
11.
Reza Md Masum, Begum Hosne Ara and Uddin Ahmed Jalal (2023): Potentiality of sustainable corn starch-based biocomposites reinforced with cotton filter waste of spinning mill.– Heliyon, vol.9, No.5, pp.1-13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli....
12.
Ramakrishnan K.R., Le Moigne N., De Almeida O., Regazzi A. and Corn S. (2019): Optimized manufacturing of thermoplastic biocomposites by fast induction-heated compression moulding: influence of processing parameters on microstructure development and mechanical behavior.– Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.124, pp.1-12,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
13.
Zarna Ch., Chinga-Carrasco G. and Echtermeyer A.T. (2023): Bending properties and numerical modelling of cellular panels manufactured from wood fibre/PLA biocomposite by 3D printing.– Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.165, pp.1-11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
14.
Yan L., Chouw N., Huang L. Kasal B. (2016): Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibres, coir fibre reinforced-polymer composites and reinforced-cementitious composites.– Construction and Building Materials, vol.112, pp.168-182,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb....
15.
Li Z., Reimer Ch., Wang T., Mohanty Amar K. and Misra M. (2020): Thermal and mechanical properties of the biocomposites of miscanthus biocarbon and poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV).– Polymers, pp.1-13,
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1....
16.
Yadav V., Singh S., Chaudhary N., Garg Mohinder P., Sharma S., Kumar A., Li Ch. and Tag Eldin Elsayed M. (2023): Dry sliding wear characteristics of natural fiber reinforced poly-lactic acid composites for engineering applications: fabrication, properties, and characterizations.– Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol.23, pp.1189-1203,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt....
17.
Zhang Q., Li Y., Cai H., Lin X., Yi W. and Zhang J. (2019): Properties comparison of high-density polyethylene composites filled with three kinds of shell fibers.– Results in Physics, vol.12, pp.1542-1546,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp....
18.
Chandramohan D. and Kumar A. John Presin (2017): Experimental data on the properties of natural fiber particle reinforced polymer composite material.– Data in Brief, vol.13, pp.460-468,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.....
19.
Anwara Ibe Godwin, Barinem Dumpe Koba (2015): The mechanical properties of ukam fibre-reinforced cashew nut shell resin composite.– International Journal of Engineering Research, vol.4, No.5, pp.224-227,
http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ije....
20.
Chegdani F. and El Mansori M. (2019): Tribo-functional effects of double-crossed helix on surface finish, cutting friction and tool wear mechanisms during the milling process of natural fiber composites.– Wear, vol.426-427 Part B, pp.1507-1514,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear....
21.
Miliket Temesgen Abriham, Ageze Mesfin Belayneh, Tigabu Muluken Temesgen, Zeleke Migbar Assefa (2022): Experimental characterizations of hybrid natural fiber-reinforced composite for wind turbine blades.– Heliyon, vol.8, No.3, pp.1-11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli....
22.
Rong Min Zhi, Zhang Ming Qiu, Liu Yuan, Yang Gui Cheng and Zeng Han Min (2001): The effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal reinforced epoxy composites.– Composites Science and Technology, vol.61, No.10, pp. 1437-1447,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-....
23.
Ayrilmis N., Kaymakci Alperen, Ozdemir Ferhat (2013): Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polypropylene composites filled with walnut shell flour.– Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol.19, No.3, pp.908-914,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ji....
24.
Balogun Oluwastosin A., Daramola Oluyemi O., Adediran Adeolu A., Akinwande Abayomi A. and Bello Oladele S. (2023): Investigation of jute/tetracarpidium conophorum reinforced polypropylene composites for automobile application: mechanical, wear and flow properties.– Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol.65, pp.327-341,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.....
25.
Zaman Haydar U. and Beg M.D.H. (2014): Preparation, structure, and properties of the coir fiber/polypropylene composites.– Journal of Composite Materials, vol.48, No.26, pp.3293-3301,
https://doi.org/10.1177/002199....
26.
Mohanty Amar K., Misra M. and Drzal Lawrence T. (2005): Natural fibers, biopolymers, and biocomposites: an introduction.– CRC Press,
https://doi.org/10.1201/978020....
27.
Khakalo A., Tanaka A., Korpela A. and Orelma H. (2020): Delignification and ionic liquid treatment of wood toward multifunctional high-performance structural materials.– ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, pp.23532-23542,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami....
28.
Groover Mikell P. (2010): Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing Material, Processes and Systems.– 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
29.
American Society for Testing Materials ASTM D3039 (2002): USA Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.
30.
American Society for Testing Materials ASTM D695 (2002): USA Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics.
31.
American Society for Testing Materials ASTM D792 (2008): USA Standard Test Method for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics.